Airbags

Airbags have protected lives of people in car crashes for over 35 years.Car airbags were invented by Allen Breed in 1968. Before then, airbags were just used in airplanes.

The bags work with a sensor that senses the impact of the collision, then it sends a signal to the inflators, which blow up the airbags with nitrogen gas. This all happens in about 0.025 of a second because it needs to inflate before the person's head swings towards the bag. There is always an airbag in front of the driver and passenger seats. There is also airbags on the sides of the front and rear seats. 


Since their invention, the death rate in car crashes has decreased dramatically. Scientists are still working on improving airbag technology today.

Sources:Here, Here, and Here

What is your birthstone?

To find out about your birthstone click HERE.

Stephen Hawking

HERE is my presentation about Stephen Hawking along with my 3 sources.

Compass navagation

Before the invention of the compass, people used the sun and stars to find there way.  The Big Dipper points to the North Star and in the Southern Hemisphere, the southern cross constellation points to the south.  

"In the 11th Century there was a chinese scientist named Shen Kua who invented the magnetic compass using a needle and lodestone which is a hard, black magnetic rock... After this discovery, sailors began to use magnetic compasses to find their way across the ocean." (Worldbook, pg. 91)  They would use a long piece of lodestone hanging by a string that would point North/South to help them navigate.

Hikers and Sailors in the 21st century still use magnetic compasses to find their way.  However, with the invention of G.P.S. (Geographic Positioning System) traditional compasses are not used as much anymore.  There is still a sport that uses compasses, it is called orienteering.  I found a website where they organize groups to compete in orienteering.  There are also instructional videos that explain how to use compass and maps for navigation of trails.  

I am glad that compasses were invented so people can find their way and not be lost.  

Sources:

http://www.us.orienteering.org/new-o/resources/videos

 http://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/0603/gear/navigation.html

WorldBook's Young Scientist book 2, Magnetic Power and Electricity.  

Mummies

Here is a video teaching about mummies. I got my info at : Denver Museum Of Nature and Science

Petrified Wood

Here is a vlog teaching you about petrified wood.  My sources were: The Denver Museum of Nature and Science,

Radio waves

In the car we listen to music on the radio by tuning to a station which is a specific wave length. The antenna receives electromagnetic radio waves.  The radio converts these waves into vibrations in the speaker that create sound waves we can hear.

Radio waves have the longest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum.   "An electromagnetic wave is characterized by its frequency and time variation of the electric and magnetic fields."

In the late 1880's Henry Hertz proved the existence of radio waves.  "He used a spark gap attached to an induction coil and a separate spark gap on a receiving antenna. When waves created by the sparks of the coil transmitter were picked up by the receiving antenna, sparks would jump its gap as well. Hertz showed in his experiments that these signals possessed all the properties of electromagnetic waves."

Radio waves are made by various types of transmitters. Interference in radio waves can be cause by lightening which is why the radio experiences fuzziness when in a storm.  I am glad radio waves were discovered because I like to listen to music in the car.

I got my information Here, here,here and Science by Miles kelly

Blue Whales

The Blue whale is the largest mammal on earth. They grow up to 105 feet long and can weigh 195 tons. Its flippers are usually about 10-14 inches long, so it can swim pretty fast with a maximum speed of about 30 mph. Blue Whales eat A LOT. Every day, they consume 8000 pounds of fish and krill. WOW! When they are born, they are about 25 feet long and weigh 3 tons. Blue Whale calves feed on over 100 gallons of milk a day.

Between the year 1900 and the 1960s, over 360,000 Whales were killed by hunters. Since then, Conservation departments have done more to protect blue whales. There are only around 12000 of them left now. 

The whales look blue when they are under the water, but when they come up to the surface, they are actually gray. They do not typically travel in large groups when they migrate. They are usually alone in travel, sometimes in pairs.

Info:here, here, and "Ocean" by Miles Kelly
 

Whale shark

The whale shark is the largest fish in the world. This fish likes to live in warm water. It is as long as a bus. Imagine a huge fish swimming next to your bus. Whale sharks live up to 70 years old. They are harmless to humans but they eat fish eggs and large amounts of plankton. A group called WWF is helping whale sharks by putting satellite tags on them to track them.  In the Philippines, people hunt whale sharks for their meat,fins and oil.  If we did not have whale sharks in our oceans they would be overrun with plankton.



       I found my information here,here and "Ocean by Miles Kelly

Narwhals

The mondon monoceros. The unicorn of the sea.

The Narwhal is one of the most unique animals on earth.They are in the dolphin group. They are found in the northern Arctic sea. Brr!

These massive animals can grow up to 20 feet long an their tusks another 8 feet. They weigh up to 3500 lbs!

They use their tusks to spear their prey, defend themselves from predators, poke hole in the ice, and the males joust with each other when it is mating season. They do not have a dorsal fin (Fin on their backs). They eat shrimp, squid, and fish. The Narwhal only has three teeth. One of them is is their horn.

Scientists estimate that there are about 45000 to 50000 of them in the world. 

Narwhals travel and migrate in groups sizes of 10 to 100.

The word Narwhal means "corpse whale" in ancient Scandinavian. 

Info:Here,Here, and "Ocean" by Miles Kelly.

Camel Spider

Check out this Vlog HERE on the camel spider!  My sources I used were:Check out a vlog by Scientist EZR about this amazing spider!  The vlog series is called " Spiders 101".  The sources I used were: Spidersworld.com ( i would put a link but the website is for sale and it wont let me) Sophia.USCG.gov (once again would put a link but it wont work) and Ehow.com , if you are not sure how to get to the article that i used, or need to get there faster, or want to get there faster, go HERE

The Wolf Spider

Check out my Vlog HERE!Check out a vlog by Scientist EZR about this amazing spider!  The vlog series is called " Spiders 101".  The sources I used were: Spidersworld.com ( i would put a link but the website is for sale and it wont let me) Sophia.USCG.gov (once again would put a link but it wont work) and Ehow.com , if you are not sure how to get to the article that i used, or need to get there faster, or want to get there faster, go HERE

How We Measure The Distance To Stars

The closest star to earth is Proxima Centauri, and is 4.2 light years away. But how do we know that? Before I explain, move your head left and right. What you'll notice is that things start to move like your computer screen and your keyboard, even your hands. This effect is called parallax. But you may also  be thinking that it shouldn't work, because if you've watched the sun not move while you been in some sort of vehicle. Parallax actually does "move" the sun in this situation, but the difference is so small  because it's farther away and you don't notice it.

Astronomers measure the distance to stars by using parallax. To measure Proxima Centauri we first look at the star once, and then do so again in six months. Then we make an imaginary triangle. The angle opposite from the base is how much the star moves. The base is just the diameter of earth's orbit. Then using high school trigonometry, we can measure the distance to our star using the imaginary triangle.

I got my information here, here and here.

Binary, the First Coding System Ever

Binary to most people is just a way too complicated code that only uses ones and zeroes, but really it's a number system. The number system that we use regularly is called the decimal system, and is base ten, meaning that there are 10 different numbers to work with (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9). In binary, there are only two numbers to work with (0 and 1). There is also hexadecimal, octal, and the duodecimal systems. To write a regular decimal number in binary, lets take 17 for example. If we want to make 17 out of ones and zeroes, we have to see what divides into 17 that is 2 by a power. 2x2x2x2 (2⁴) is equal to 16, which goes into it once. If we have a simple eight bit system, then our number so far would be 0001- - - -. Eight can't be added to 16 to make 17, neither can four, or two, but one can, and we have 17. So our binary number is 00010001.

126  64  32  16  8  4  2  1

0   0   0   1   0   0   0   1 

(0 126s, 0 64s, 0 32s, 1 16, 0 8s, 0 4s, 0 2s, 1 1).

I found my links here, here and here.

Oh! No! Not The Hiccups! How Long Will They Last This Time!?

    

Do you know what causes hiccups to last so long? Hiccups are made because there is a spasm that contracts your diaphragm. Surprisingly this is not rare, but some people have their hiccups for more than 48 HOURS! Whenever your hiccups last more than 48 hours they are called persistent hiccups. This is not even rare but if your hiccups last more than a MONTH they are called intractable hiccups. Hiccups also can give you a sign that your sick and have a disease and sometimes you get hiccups because you have been stressed a lot or you have to much of the emotion you are having.

I got my information from HERE! 
If you need more info you can go HERE or HERE!

petrification

          Petrified does not mean scared it means that it is turned into a rock like substance. but it does not turn that way over night there is a full petrification process before it is totally  petrified, and this is to tell you what that process is like if you don't already know.
         Something that is petrified is actually a fossil it happens when some thing like opal or pyrite get into wood that is totally sealed off from air. Then, almost any mineral that you can think of gets into the wood starting the petrification process.
         Sometimes when it is totally petrified it still has every detail of a tree so people are surprised to hold it because it is so heavy that its almost unrealistic to think that it was once normal tree that grew and flowers.
         
      
    
       I got my information from live science.com
           and geology.com
           also Denver museum of nature and science


          

How Mountains are formed

I am on a trip to Utah right now, and every day while I am here, I look around and see mountains. Really tall mountains every where around me. I was wondering about how they were formed. I did some research and found that there are four main types of ways that mountains form.

1:There are things called tectonic plates under the ground. They are big pieces of Earth that surround the whole world. When two of the plates crash together, the collision makes the material from the plates shoot up and form mountains.

2: Sometimes the plates grind together. When they rub up against each other, one of the plates pushes the other one up to form mountains.

3: I'm sure everyone has heard of volcanoes. This third way is what I call the un-erupting volcano. It's when magma from the earth pushes up on the surface of the world, just like a volcano, but doesn't erupt. An example of this is the volcano Mount St. Helens before it erupted.

4: If there is a tall plateau, sometimes a river will erode away the rock on the sides to form a mountain.

Now these formations don't happen instantly. They can take thousands and thousands of years of to completely grow. Even some mountains are still growing!

http://www.universetoday.com/29833/how-mountains-are-formed/  http://wonderopolis.org/wonder/how-are-mountains-made/
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/earth/surface_and_interior/mountain_formation

Atoms

Right now I am in Utah at my grandparents house. My grandpa has an electrical set called "Elenco electronic snap circuits" that he uses to teach me and Solomon, my brother about electricity.  He taught me about how atoms form together to make everything from trees to people to water to mice. Everything is made out of atoms. Inside some atoms there is one proton that usually joins up with another one like it. . On the outside there are electrons that spin around the outside to find others to join with to make big things. There are other atoms that have two or more protons inside them that stay alone, rather than connecting to other atoms.  I am looking forward to learning more about how atoms work.
I found my information from my grandpa, Here and Here

Oobleck

I did a science experiment on corn starch and water mixed together.

You need

Corn starch

Water

Food coloring (optional)

A bowl

All you have to do is mix the water and the corn starch in the bowl and if you want to put

food coloring and wait 5 minutes. After have been sitting pick up the mixture and move it

around in your hands. Is it solid? Now stop moving it around. Is it oozing down your hand?

After making the Oobleck, we added the purple slime to the mixture. I thought the Oobleck and
the slime would mix together but they stayed separated but the color spread from the slime to the
Oobleck.

Alexander Graham Bell

              Bell invented one of our most used objects today- the telephone. But he only started on it because he misunderstood a paper he had read at the art museum he had gone to. But , that led to the phone .So, whenever you have your phone  you can think of the man who made it, you can thank Alexander Graham Bell.
              Bell was born March 3,1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland . His dad had been a professor in the  University of Edinburgh ,but, also wrote  books that sold well in the UK as well as America. Alexander was homeschooled until he was 11 years old. Then he went to Edinburgh royal high school. Then he started his love of science , but, he did not do well in other subjects.
               After Bell was let out of school he taught at a school for the deaf. All while trying to invent the telephone. In 1870 Alexander moved to Canada with his Family. But, even after he moved he worked on the telephone. When the phone was invented he never kept one for the fear of getting distracted from his work.




I got my information History.com
famousscientists.org

Inventors.about.com

Jim's science talk- the first test

Hello! Jim has made 3 talks, and now, there's a test. 
Before you take it by clicking here, I suggest you look at some of the others, and study.

1. Part 1
2. Part 2
3. Part 3

So go study, then take the test!
This will happen every three topics,
James

Why is lip gloss so shiny?

Did you know what makes lip gloss so shiny? Oils make lip gloss so shiny but that is not it. Some of the ingredients in the lip gloss make it shiny but it depends on which brand and flavor it is because evey brand and flavor is different. The oils make it shiny and slippery because whenever you have oil in your hands it makes it really slippery and your hands look shiny, that is exactly what it does to lip gloss. Some of the ingredients make it shiny because the oils mixing with those ingredients make it even more shiny. Surprisingly, there is no water included in lip gloss because water and oils do not mix together, but it is crazy how the lip gloss can be so shiny but still have no water in the ingredients,but it is all because of the ingredients and oils. There is not a specific ingredient that makes it shiny. So just the oils and ingredients mixing makes it shiny. To learn more go HERE or HERE or HERE where I found my information.

Jim science talk pt 3 on Scratch

Hello! Jim is back on scratch and is gonna cover another topic- the color of a mirror. It has Ghostie from Luke's scratch stuff and will be the last topic in the Jim trilogy before the quiz. There will be a quiz on all three topics. Click here for the app that I'm talking about here.

I was gonna put a picture here but they are all the same.

Go learn something,

-James

Scratch- Jim talks about pokemon

Hello! I made a new talk on scratch with Jim. Today, he talks about Pokeballs. I've also added the most cheesy outro (like an intro, but at the end) ever. click Here to go to it.

The most cheesy outro ever

I was gonna put a quiz at the end but there isn't enough to talk about to make a bunch of questions.

Go learn something,
                            James

Why Do We Age?

Ever wonder why we age? The problem with our cell replication is that when a cell divides, it skips over some of the DNA in our chromosomes when it copies the DNA so that both of the cells are human cells and not blank, useless cells. If DNA is skipped over then the cell can not be replicated properly, and it wont function properly. Then the the copied cell dies. That's why the body produces telemeres, which are bits of DNA your body can afford to get rid of. Eventually your telemeres are gone or skipped over, and you die of old age.

The video is right here.

Are You Shrinking?

Did you know that gravity effects your height? I didn't either until I found this article. At first I was researching gravity but then there was this article about how gravity makes you shrink at night. You are taller in the morning because gravity pulls down your spine when you are standing or sitting but you shrink at night because whenever you are in a relaxing position your spine spreads out. In the picture the orange is your vertebrae which is your spine so in the picture the x-ray of the person is standing so the spine is compressing through out the day. Then when you lay down when you are sleeping the spine does not have much gravity pushing down on it so it spreads back out to a normal size. If you do not believe this then measure yourself in the morning and then at night and record that on a sheet of paper and compare you heights. To learn more about why you are taller in the morning and through out the day then at night go HERE where I found my information or you can go HERE or HERE.

Giant Wood Spider or Golden Silk Spider

Check out a vlog by Scientist EZR about this amazing spider HERE. The vlog series is called " Spiders 101".  The sources I used were: Spidersworld.com ( i would put a link but the website is for sale and it wont let me) Sophia.USCG.gov (once again would put a link but it wont work) and Planetsave.com if your confused on how to actually get to the article from the website, or just want to get there faster, go HERE, go to the home page of the website if you want to check out other articles!

How a Rubik's Cube Works

In the fifth grade, I learned how to solve a Rubik's Cube. But until now I didn't know (and wondered) how it works. On the inside of every cube there is a core. The first part of a core is just a plastic sphere, but with six plastic rods coming out of it (most of a Rubik's Cube is made of plastic). The rods are connected to the center pieces on each side. The rods can turn and then they turn the center piece, which turns the entire side. Also, all the pieces are tightly locked in, but if lots of force is put on the piece, it will pop out. The pieces are hard to break so that they don't. If you do break a piece, it will take lots of time and strength to fix it.

A video showing the insides of a rubiks cube is here.

Jim talk episode 1 on scratch

Jim on stage

Hello science students! I'd like to introduce Jim. Jim is a science student like you, who talks about science-y topics. So click right here and let Jim educate you on how atomic bombs work. 






Hope Jim teaches you something!
- James

Brain Quiz on scratch

Hello, this is a new game I made on scratch. Click here to go there. Basically, you're Jim, the guy who falls from space with the sole purpose of teaching science. This time around, you help a kid at an elementary school with his homework (Though he knows the answer and will correct you).

Hope you learn something!
         -James

Marie curie

Marie Curie was born November 7, 1867 was a Polish and French physicist and chemist who made pioneering research.   She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person (also only woman to win twice), the only person to win twice in multiple sciences, and was part of the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes being the only girl scientist in her family. She was also the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris, and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own work in Paris.
She was born Maria in Warsaw, in what was then the Kingdom of Poland, part of the Russian Empire. She studied at Warsaw's Floating University and began her scientific training in Warsaw. In 1891 at the age of 24 she followed her older sister to study in Paris, where she earned her higher degrees and did scientific work. She shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with her husband Pierre Curie and with physicist Henri Becquerel. She won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Her achievements in her life included a theory of radioactivity , techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two elements, polonium and radium.
While in france, Marie Curie  never lost her polish identity. She taught her daughters the language and took them on short visits to Poland.Marie Curie died on July 4th, 1934 due to radiation in the test tubes that she had been
carrying in her coat pocket.

   I got this http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie

Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton  25 December 1642 – 20 March  was an English physicist and mathematician (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution. His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica ("Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"), first published in 1687, laid the foundations for classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics and shares credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of calculus.

Newton's Principia formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, which dominated scientists' view of the physical universe for the next three centuries. By deriving Kepler's laws of planetary motion from his mathematical description of gravity, and then using the same principles to account for the trajectories of comets, the tides, the precession of the equinoxes, and other phenomena, Newton removed the last doubts about the validity of the heliocentric model of the cosmos. This work also demonstrated that the motion of objects on Earth and of celestial bodies could be described by the same principles. His prediction that the Earth should be shaped as an oblate spheroid was later vindicated by the measurements of Maupertuis, La Condamine, and others, which helped convince most Continental European scientists of the superiority of Newtonian mechanics over the earlier system of Descartes.

Newton also built the first practical reflecting telescope and developed a theory of colour based on the observation that a prism decomposes white light into the many colours of the visible spectrum. He formulated an empirical law of cooling, studied the speed of sound, and introduced the notion of a Newtonian fluid. In addition to his work on calculus, as a mathematician Newton contributed to the study of power series, generalised the binomial theorem to non-integer exponents, developed Newton's method for approximating the roots of a function, and classified most of the cubic plane curves.

Newton was a fellow of Trinity College and the second Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge. He was a devout but unorthodox christian and, unusually for a member of the Cambridge faculty of the day, he refused to take holy orders in the Church of England, perhaps because he privately rejected the doctrine of the Trinity. Beyond his work on the mathematical sciences, Newton dedicated much of his time to the study of biblical chronology and alchemy, but most of his work in those areas remained unpublished until long after his death. In his later life, Newton became president of the Royal Society. He also served the British government as Warden and Master of the Royal Mint.​

Gemstones

Check out my movie I made in Scratch to learn about gemstones.  HERE

Aristarchus

Aristarchus

    Did you know that earth orbits the sun? Yes, of course you knew that, but do you know who first discovered that earth orbits the sun? Aristarchus, born in about 310 BC, was one of the least known scientists that discovered something amazing. This is about his discoveries.

    

    Back in 300-200 BC the Ancient Greeks thought that Earth was at the center of everything and the sun, the moon and all the other planets orbit it. But Aristarchus though otherwise. He believed that earth orbits the sun and so did the other planets as well. He even wrote a book about the Earth’s orbit but sadly was lost in the sands of time. We suspect he used the concept of parallax to expand the universe enormously. In doing so he showed us that the stars out in space are a lot farther away from earth than we last thought. In addition to believing that earth orbits the sun, he believed that earth spins on an axis also. His theories were entirely correct but weren’t very popular.

    The ancient greeks weren't on Aristarchus’ side at all. In fact, just like a lot of other Renaissance scientists, they wanted him prosecuted for his apparent “crimes”.  They thought this theory was offensive to their gods and they wanted him dead. Despite these shall we call them “popularity probs” Aristarchus didn’t stop. He made even more discoveries like for example, he found out that the sun was much larger than earth observing the earth’s shadow on the moon during a lunar eclipse. His discoveries were a breakthrough in science but like all things his life came to an end in about 230 BC.

    Just because little was known about Aristarchus doesn’t mean he was one of the failure scientists. With his keen eye and spectacular deductions he was able to find out all of this. Now I bet you’re sitting there saying, “Well, he could’ve done all this with some technology and stuff.” If you are that pearson sitting there I say to you that YOU have not been paying attention in history class. I also say that he didn’t have anything near what we have today (technology wise) and was still able to discover something incredible. All I have now is one simple question to ask to you. Can you be an AriSTARchus?     

I got my sources from http://www.famousscientists.org/aristarchus/

Could a robot steal your job?! By the Springfield news leader

In this article Could A Robot Steal your job it talks about how scientists have been developing robots that have been programmed to do simple things such as getting something and retrieve it. Or maybe do complicated stuff such as a car with an autopilot function where you don't even have to drive. But such complicated stuff 50% of people have voted no 48% have voted yes and 2% have said "I don't know." I would personally say no because technology has made us lazy because like for example remotes, instead of having to get up and flip the channel by our selfs. nope. We flip the channel with a TV remote. So I don't think we should build things like this.

Purple Slime

On October 31 I did a science experiment of making purple slime.
Before I made it, I thought it would be like silly putty. It turned out to be thinner than silly putty,but with similar properties.

ingredients:

2 disposable cups

1/4 cup elmer's glue

1 cup water

red and blue food coloring

1/2 cup borax powder

stirring stick

Instructions-

1) Combine glue with 3 tbsp. water in one cup, then stir it.

2) Combine borax powder with 1 cup water in the other cup and stir until powder is dissolved.

3)Add food coloring to the glue cup until you get desired color

4)Then stir the borax solution into the colored glue. Keep stirring until desired consistency results.

5) Now slime is ready to be played with.  

Scientific Analysis

Slime has qualities of both a liquid and a solid.  The molecules chain together, allowing them to stretch.  Similar qualities are seen in Jello, Rubber Bands and Chewing Gum.  The type of science this experiment involves is called Polymer Science.  

I found my information here

Zombie Apocalypse, Seriously?

In some video games, zombies come to eat you, but can this happen in real life? Someone coming back to life is not probable, but if there was a specific virus to damage specifc parts of your brain, you could become a zombie.

Some diseases like Rabies use Retrograde Axonal Transport to get to where they want in the body by in this case, traveling through neurons (cells that make up most of our brains). The virus would spread to the Ventromedical Hypothalamus, which tells you you're full, the Amygdala, which controls emotion and memory, and the frontal cortex, controlling problem solving and impulsive actions. The infections of these specific parts of the brain would result in an angry zombie that doesn't recognize family or friends, and the extreme desire to feed on human brains.

I found my information HERE

Tunnel Boring Machine

A tunnel boring machine is a machine that can dig tunnels that are mostly used for trains. 

The machine has 6 main parts the

segment, the thrust ram, the conveyor belt, the gripper ram,

the scraper, and the cutting teeth which are all used to make the

machine work. An interesting fact I learned is that the worlds longest tunnel is in 

Japan and that it is 54 kilometers long.  There is also a smaller

boring machine which is used to drill into small rocks to retrieve

diamonds, rubys, and other valuble minerals. I would like to see

this machine make mining safer for the workers and also to create

longer distance  tunnels for trains. My info was from How Things Work

by Miles Kelly and britannica.com

Diamonds

Diamonds

   Diamond is made from carbon, its name comes from the Greek word for indestructible, its the hardest natural substance in the on earth, most diamonds come from Africa, about 26,000 diamonds are mined each year, some diamonds use to finance wars they are called blood diamonds, diamond cutters are very skilled, diamonds are valued to their mass color and cut.

   Diamonds structure is very packed, diamond in its purest form is colorless, boron turns it blue and nitrogen turns it yellow.

   Diamond is a good heat transfer object, diamond is slowly turning into graphite, a slave originally found it in a mine in India, really big eruptions from volcanoes bring diamonds to the surface

sources: Mocomi.com, sciencekids.co.nz.
Want facts?
(more facts) 

 

Cola Geyser

I know what a cola geyser is and you probably know, too. I already know that you put some Mentos in a coke bottle and it overflows. But, I don't know how it happens. So, I'm going to give directions on how to make a cola geyser and then I will tell you how it happens. Let's get started!

You will need

• Package of Mentos candies 
• Test  Tube
• 2-inch-square piece of cardboard
• 2-liter plastic bottle of Diet Coke

Directions

1. Put 12 Mentos candies in a test tube and hold the cardboard to the open top of the tube.

2.Open the bottle of diet soda and put the test tube upside down on top of the open bottle, still holding the cardboard in place.

3. Take care to know which way to run :P

4. Slide the cardboard away quickly so that the candies drop in.

5. Run clear and watch as the cola explodes out of the bottle!

Scientific Excuse

This explosive reaction comes from the sudden release of carbon dioxide, the gas that gives soda it's bubbles. This carbon dioxide normally remains dissolved in the soda because there are no nucleation sites - irregularities around which bubbles can form. Seen close up, a single Mento had a craggy surface - providing hundreds of nucleation sites. A dozen of those candies dumped in at once sets off a massive release of carbon dioxide, forcing the cola out of the bottle like a rocket. Diet cola works best because most non-diet colas use corn syrup, which suppresses the formation of bubbles.

Take care! Do this experiment outdoors, well away from anything (or anyone). You wouldn't want to become a sticky, wet mess. Unless you want something - or someone - to become a sticky, wet mess, in which case you should perform this experiment at your own risk!

 I got all of this amazing information from "The Book of Totally Irresponsible Science: 64 Daring Experiments for Young Scientists" by Sean Connolly. Did you like this experiment? If you did, there are plenty more in this book that you can order right HERE

Louis Pasteur

So, I was just searching on Google for a list of famous scientists and I found Louis Pasteur. He interested me because I had never heard of him before. I was researching him and I found out that he came up with a food preparing process (known as pasteurization) AND a vaccination for rabies and anthrax! He was a Doctor, Inventor, Chemist, and Scientist.

Louis Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822. He was born in Dole, France. He grew up with his father in a town called Arbois. Pasteur was an average student in school, skilled at painting and drawing. He earned his degree in Arts and Science, plus, he earned a doctorate at École Normale in Paris. Louis spent several years researching and teaching at the Dijon Lycée. He, later, became a professor of chemistry at the University of Strasbourg. When he was there, he met Marie Laurent. They were married on May 29th, 1849, and had five children, though three of the children died. 

Louis Pasteur's job was to find solutions to the problems of alcoholic drinks (Yeah, I know, it's a really weird job). He discovered that bacteria caused sour wine, beer, and milk. He boiled the liquids and let them cool to eliminate the bacteria. Pasteur also saved the silk industry. He proved that microbes were attacking healthy silkworm eggs, causing the disease. The disease could be eliminated if the microbes were eliminated. Pasteur's first vaccine discovery was in 1879, with a disease called chicken cholera. Louis demonstrated that the chicken were resistant to the virus. He decided to focus on the problem of rabies. A nine year old boy was bitten by a rabid dog and Pasteur's vaccine saved him. Louis was immediately famous.

Did you know that??

How about this?

Louis had been partially paralyzed since 1868 because of a severe brain stroke. But, he still continued his research. On his 70th birthday, he celebrated at Sorbonne, where several scientists attended. After that, his paralysis worsened, and he died on September 28, 1895. 

Want to learn even more about Louis Pasteur? Click HERE

Albert Einstien

   Albert Einstein was a great man. Albert had parents that between his lifetime jumped back and forth between being poor and slightly more wealthy than average. Albert when he was three (as the story goes[may not be true{but it might be}]) didn't talk until one day he was eating dinner and had spoke for the first time. Then his parents asked, "Why didn't you say anything before?!" Albert replied, "There wasn't anything I needed to say."

    During Albert's lifetime, when he was in school his teachers didn't like Albert too much and Albert didn't like the Germany's schools too much, either. They expected him to march between classes and you weren't allowed to ask questions. His family's business was poor again so they went to Italy. Albert was devastated that he would have to stay in Germany to finish school for the year and Albert hated Germany's schools. Albert was kicked out of his school in Germany and he got to move to Italy with his family.

   When Albert grew up he attended a school in Switzerland and got a job there. He then started dating Mileva, a friend from college. They went to Bern and a year later got married. They then moved to Zurich where Albert had 5 revolutionary scientific papers published. He also received a PhD from Zurich University. He became a teacher at the university.

Albert and Mileva would later move to Prague, getting a divorce sometime after. Albert moves to the Polytechnic Institute in Switzerland. He also became a teacher at the University of Berlin where he published a paper on the General Theory Of Gravity. Albert marries Elsa and Eddington's Expedition confirms Einstein's theory that light bends. Albert won the Nobel Prize, after visiting the United States. Albert and Elsa move to New Jersey, where Elsa later dies. World War II erupts in Europe, after which Albert dies.

Albert has come up with amazing theories and has invented so much that has helped us learn more, Albert was a very smart man, a good mathematician, a great scientist, and a great hero.

Albert Quotes:

"Love is a better teacher than a sense of duty"

"One likes to do the things for which one has ability"

Information obtained by: DK Albert Einstein Biography By: Frieda Wishinsky

Click here to buy the book

Charles Darwin

     Charles Darwin was one of the best scientists in our worlds history because even at a young age he was inspired to do science. When Darwin was at the age of 22 he took a journey around the world making him one of the youngest people to ever make a complete around the world journey in the18 hundreds .
     Then in 1859 Darwin  formulated a theory that he named " natural selection" only to write a book on his theory that very same year! When he wrote that book he named it " On The Origin Of  Species By The Means Of Natural Selection. But, surprisingly enough Darwin was confused by his own theory. He knew that organisms were born, raised, had offspring that had there own genetics including some of its parents genetics and died .
     Easy enough right? But not to Darwin he wanted to find out how the genetics were passed on so he perservered and studied only to find nothing that helped him on what he needed . So, he found the theory of who inspired him to be a scientist none other than Charles Lyell who was a geologist.  Darwin was a very determined man but determination wasn't enough Darwin never found the complete truth of how genetics worked.
         Today many people say that Darwin would be proud today of the world but who knows?

Slinky Drop Physics

I watched a interesting video on YouTube today, that you should watch. It explained how a slinky falls. What was so interesting about how the slinky fell is that the bottom of the slinky stayed where it was until the top crashed into the bottom of the slinky, and then the entire slinky fell. A physicist by the name of Rod Cross explained that the gravity pulling down on the slinky was the same amount of force as the tension between the top of the slinky and the bottom of the slinky.

It's kind of hard to explain, so take a look at the link below.

I found the video HERE

Objects fall at 9.98 meters per second, so they had to show the falling of the slinky in slow motion. 

Discovering Pluto

Pluto was discovered by a guy named Clyde M. Tombaugh at the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff Arizona. Astronomers have been predicting that there would be a 9th planet in the Solar System which they would call Planet X for a long time. After a year of observations Clyde Tombaugh finally discovered an object in the in the right orbit, and said he discovered Planet X. Since the Lowell Observatory discovered Planet X they took the hands of naming Planet X and they laid there hands on the name Pluto that was suggested by a 11 year old school girl in Oxford, England. (but they didn't name after the Mickey Mouse Disney character.) Once they discovered Pluto there was now 9 planets in the Solar System just like they were predicting for a long time. Astronomers weren't sure about Pluto's mass until they discovered Pluto's largest Moon, Charon, in 1978. By knowing Charon's mass (0.0021earthes), they could accurately gauge its size. The most accurate measurement recently gives the size of Pluto at 2,400km (1,500miles) across. Pluto was so small people called it the Dwarf  Planet .

Pluto is tiny but they considered it was larger than anything else past the orbit of Neptune. For more about Pluto go HERE where I found my information.

Interview with Lynette Mooth - Farm Manager

On Monday, I went on a trip to Illinois with my mom and my brother. On that Trip, we went on a tour of The Mooth farm. The Mooths are some friends of ours from when we lived in Illinois. They started a farm 15 years ago. During the tour, I asked questions about science relating to farm work. They said that science corresponds with farming a lot.

Biology: "The science of plants and animals;the study of living things and the way they live and grow."

They use biology in feeding their animals. They have to know what nutrients each animal needs. For example rabbits eat rabbit pellets, which are a man-made food comprised of different types of meal, like wheat, compacted together into little cylinders. this gives them protein. The rabbits also eat corn to give them carbohydrates.

They need to feed the pigs lots of carbohydrates to get them really fat. The pigs need to be fat so that the owners can sell them for more money. The more meat, the more money, because they are sold by the pound.

Horticulture: "The cultivation of a garden or orchard."

The Mooths use horticulture in managing their garden and orchard. They have to water the plants the right amount, at the right times.

The last type of science that they use is chemistry. They use chemistry in putting pesticides on their plants and their crops.



Information: Mooth farm

Definitions: Websters dictionary
                                                                                     Some of their rabbits.

Bill Gates

Bill Gates is the Creator of Microsoft. Most likely you already knew that but some people think as him as a monster. They think he is a theif who made the digital world a place where inferior products drive out even better ones. Playing Devils Advocate we learn that Bill not only created Microsoft but has also donated billions of dollars to good causes year long. So the question remains, who is Bill Gates? First let's talk more about him. Bill Gates is a billionaire who has not only sold millions of products but has also changed the world. When he was born in 1955 no one in the world owned a personal computer. None were for sale and the computers that were invented at the time only belonged to the government and or big businesses. Not only was Bill incredibly smart but determined as well. He and his friend Paul Allen were not just friends but the co-creators of Microsoft. Then as an adult he became a famed computer programmer and became a billionaire. Now that you know a little about him you should learn a little about his family as well, specifically his children. Did you know that Bill Gates' children will inherit 10 million dollars out of Bill's 72 billion net worth? His children, Rory, Phoebe, and Jennifer will each get the 10 million but Bill says they don't need that kind of money. What would you do if your dad told you that you don't get one million big ones? I'd be pretty outraged. Anyways the source I got this from was HERE. On slide 2 you should be able to see the slide on his children. Also there are a lot of other fun facts on there but I thought that one was pretty interesting.

Other sources- Up Close: Bill Gates

Robert Adler

Robert Adler

            Robert Adler (1913-2007)  was famous for inventing the television remote. Strangely Adler did not feel bad for inventing the worlds most laziest device. Adler used ultrasound and high-frequency sounds that barely any human can hear but it was also like a dog whistle to a dog. Dogs are the only thing that could hear it.

He was Austrian- American inventor who held 180 patents. He got his education from 

University of Vienna. He even got a the Edison Medal in 1980, he fielded in physics and he had worked at Zenith Electronics .He was fluent in German,English, and French but mainly because he was a world traveler.He exercised a lot because he did downhill skiing until he was 89, but he still hiked after that.He was married to a girl named Ingrid Koch Adler.

My sources,

Washington Post

The Book of Invention by Thomas J. Craughwell